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Pay For Essay Writer Online From $12

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Speaking Is Natural; Reading And Writing Are Not

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Essay Writer For Students

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When I Grow Up …

When I was four years old, I helped my mother bake chocolate chip cookies for the first time. After that, I was convinced I’d grow up to become a baker. I held fast to that dream until I was six, furiously beating eggs and scooping flour into measuring cups. But after I was selected to perform at my ballet school’s recital with the principal dancers, I decided instead to become a ballerina. I practiced grand jetà ©s in the living room and clenched my teeth as I struggled into a split on the kitchen tiles. My plans changed again when I was 10, after an astronomy book inspired me to become an astronaut. My dream of orbiting masses of swirling gas shifted to a job in genetics – or perhaps neurology – after a summer of poring over my parents’ medical journals. When I was 15, I firmly set my foot down under the instruction of an inspiring English teacher. I was sure I’d become a professor of English literature – for a few months, at leas t – until I joined my school newspaper The Falconer, absolutely certain this time to become a journalist. I’m 17 now, and no closer to choosing a career. I still love to bake. I still love to dance (though usually alone in my room). I still pause by the window and gaze at the gleaming pinpricks in the night sky, wondering what marvels lie enveloped in that velvet vastness. I conduct DNA research at a lab and pester my parents to keep up with their research. I guiltily indulge in reading by flashlight under the covers until my arm aches and eyelids droop, and I’m as involved as ever as a proud â€Å"Falconerd.† I think my indecisiveness stems from the fact that I still have so much to explore. After all, I have over a year before graduation, and in that year I’ll examine every corner, devour every experience, until I’m mature and knowledgeable enough to formulate my ambitions. Friends of mine already have their dream medical schools picke d out or are taking courses in preparation to become software engineers, but I want to be absolutely certain of the road I’ll take. I want to experience everything. And I can be sure none of it’ll go to waste. Upon entering high school, I tried my hand at every extracurricular I could. I joined The Falconer, edited for the school science journal, and competed in volleyball, academic team, quiz bowl, and two types of debate. By the beginning of junior year, when more focus was imperative, I was forced to narrow my scope. Still, debate cultivated my confidence in public speaking, trained me to improvise and think faster on my feet, and helped me become a more articulate person. This all boosted my ability as a student journalist to write concise articles and interview complete strangers. I miss the sting in my fingers after serving an ace, the exhilaration after landing from a kill, and the squeaking of sneakers on the volleyball court, but the sport taught me how to b etter interact with fellow writers and academic team members. The exhaustion of long hours in the gym was a taste of the dedication required for late-night layouts in the lab. John Steinbeck spent five years at college, taking only the courses that interested him before dropping out. I’m comforted by knowing that his success was defined not by a college degree but by his ability to integrate into his writing the cumulative knowledge he gained from not only school but also the odd jobs he took as an itinerant worker or the Sea of Cortez voyage he took with Ed Ricketts. Although seemingly connected by no pattern, these experiences molded Steinbeck’s work and outlook on life. I suppose I do know my true goal, encompassing all those previous and all those following it: I want to learn. Perhaps it’s fitting that I’m an avid journalist and quiz bowl player; I want to inhale and greedily gulp every experience, every factoid I encounter. In what form my goal will ultimately manifest is still hazy. But soon, I hope, I will have the proper tools to decide. Even then, I’ll continue to examine and savor every facet of life. I’m reminded of a remark Kurt Vonnegut Jr. once made about his wife’s insistence that he buy an envelope online. â€Å"I pretend not to hear her,† he said, â€Å"and go out to get an envelope because I’m going to have a hell of a good time in the process of buying one envelope. I meet a lot of people †¦ and a fire engine goes by. And I give them the thumbs up. And ask a woman what kind of dog that is. And I don’t know †¦ We’re dancing animals †¦ we love to move around. And we’re not supposed to dance at all anymore.† Mr. Vonnegut, I’ll show your wife a plià © or two.

Literature Revir of J.D. Salinger´s The Catcher in the Rye...

J.D Salinger: The Catcher In The Rye The Catcher and the Rye starts out with the main character named Holden Caulfield. He is 16 years old and live in New York City. The story takes place in the time of the 1940’s. He goes to a boarding school but he is having problems staying in school. Just like a lot of kids at Fishburne Military School some get kicked out and other have problems with motivating. Holden has a hard time motivating him self to get things done. It causes him problems and the biggest problem it causes is getting him kicked out of school. One of his other big problems is that he can’t make friends easily. Whenever he tries to make a friend he always seems to fail. He was traveling home after he got kicked out of the†¦show more content†¦He tells her to leave, she says to pay her 10$ he only gives her 5$. The hooker gets the doorman he is mad and goes up to the room punches him and takes the extra 5$. The next day he leaves the hotel and is o n a search for his sister Fee bee. He goes to the park where he thinks she will be. He doesn’t see her and goes to ask one of her friends. He finds her in the museum. Holden always talks about people being phony, and how he doesn’t like people for a reason. Holden is actually a phony person him self believe it or not. Holden is a liar he lies about most things that he doesn’t like or things he doesn’t feel comfortable talking about. When something goes wrong Holden immediately blames someone else for his mistakes, it’s never his fault. He hasn’t really decided what to do with his life. He wants to find out how things work and why things happen. At the same time he is insecure and also feels like he is never good enough. He thinks the adult world is phony. He wants to be an adult just like a lot of all the other people in the world but when he gets mad or they upset him he treats them as a child and runs away. He really wants to be friends with everyone; he has a hard time making them. He wants to grow up by him self with no people around. Holden doesn’t really like his parents and his parents doesn’t like him that much either. The one big thing that contributed to his emotional and a downfall to his life was the death of his brother Allie

Homelessness cause and effect free essay sample

According to the City of ville’s â€Å"10 Year Plan to End Homelessness,† there is an epidemic of homelessness in our country-and in our community. More than 1,074 citizens were counted as homeless in ville and land County on a given day† (2008 Point in time Survey). The number of homeless people in our community is ridiculous. Living on the streets not only impacts the homeless negatively but also us as a society and our economy. There are many reasons on how a person can end up homeless. Lack of education, substance abuse, and the downward fall of our economy are just a few of many ways one could become homeless. Living in todays society it is crucial to have a salary based income rather than a hourly wage income. It is almost impossible to live healthy and decently with the cost of living today. Not only is your pay more concrete but you also will receive benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness cause and effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Benefits are most helpful in getting any kind of medical and health care which is very costly. To have a salary based income job you are normally required to have some type of college degree. With out any kind of high school diploma you cannot earn a degree in anything. In today’s society it is even hard to get a job â€Å"flipping burgers† as people say. Having an education is important in the ability to be able to provide for yourself and/or family. Substance abuse is a huge cause in one becoming homeless and a leading effect on one who has become homeless. When a person abuses drugs and or alcohol they tend to lose everything including their self. I have seen firsthand the effects of drugs causing a person to become homeless, and how the negative affect had a downward spiral in this person emotionally and physically. At this time in his life he lost everything and burnt every bridge he ever crossed. He had nowhere to go no one to turn to; he felt lost and alone and did not know what to do so he did the only thing he knew to do, get more drugs. Panhandling is a way people on the streets can earn quick easy cash. According to Michael S. Scott, â€Å"The typical profile of a panhandler that emerges from a number of studies is that of an unemployed, unmarried male in his 30s or 40s, with substance abuse problems, family ties† and so on. Strangely enough this describes the guy I had known. Our economy is really going down hill. Plants have been shut down or forced to cut back on laborers. Lots of retail stores will not even hire full time employees because they do not want or cannot afford to pay for salary wages and benefits. This has also added to the number of homeless people on the streets, simply because they cannot find work or do not get paid enough to afford cost of living expenses. Our government has no money they can not pay there employees some of the time lately it seems. Then more money spent on supplying the homeless the less money our economy has to grown with. We must make sure people get an education so they can provide for themselves. The more people with education and skills the better off for everyone and the economy. In order to get these people off the streets we need to make sure people get an education they need and deserve. Our community needs to work together to find out ways we can make the economy grown instead of it continuously going down. We need to get drugs off the street and help people to better themselves. With effort and team work we can help homeless get cleaned up and off the street. In today’s society anyone at anytime could become homeless. Reply Quote

Understaning the Tito-Stalin Split free essay sample

The split between Josip Broz Tito, leader of Yugoslavia, and Joseph Stalin, head of the Soviet Union, is arguably one of the most watershed moments in Soviet history. It was a sign of a rising and powerful Yugoslavia, the first break in the Eastern bloc, and inspired a shift in Soviet policy and political thought. Focusing on the timespan from 1941 to 1948, I claim that, though the break between the two leaders was caused by a variety of factors, the root cause was Stalins prioritizing of foreign relations with the West. Stalins attempts to appease the Western powers went against Titos interests in spreading Yugoslavias influence. This is particularly true regarding Titos involvement in the Greek civil war, and his relations with Albania. It was a shock to Tito, and to the rest of the world, that Stalin decided to placate the West rather than side with Yugoslavia on these matters. We will write a custom essay sample on Understaning the Tito-Stalin Split or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page l However, realistically speaking, the Soviet Union was in no position to provoke the Western world post-World War II. Therefore, it is my thinking that the main source of friction between Stalin and Tito stemmed rom their disagreements in prioritizing good relations with the West. Background Information Leading up to the Tito-Stalin Split: From 1941 to 1948 After Stalins non-aggression pact with Germany fell through in in 1941, the USSR was pushed into the camp of the Western allies. In the April of that year, the Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia. Thus, the Yugoslav Partisan resistance, led by Marshal Tito, was left to defend the nation. The Yugoslav Partisans were extremely successful at liberating their country, especially when compared to other resistance movements in Europe,2 as the Red Army only arrived after most of the fighting had already been done. The arrival of the Soviet mission after two and a half years of delay turned out to be something of an anticlimax, and Tito himself considered the belated deployment as excess baggage. 3 Nevertheless, Yugoslav and Soviet troops together forced the Nazis to retreat behind the Yugoslav borders in 1944. The following year, the old Yugoslav monarchy was abolished, and in 1946, with Tito as its dictator, the Yugoslavs carried through their own Communist revolution,4 and did so without any help from the Soviet Union. Because of this, Titos prestige stood very high among Communists and left-wing sympathizers in Yugoslavia and throughout the world. This prestige gained Tito much loyalty and legitimacy from his supporters and would be key in making his split with Stalin possible. However, Yugoslavias communist revolution upset the agreement Stalin had made with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1944. They had agreed that control over Yugoslavia would be split fifty- fifty between Britain and the USSR. Now, it was the start of the Cold War, and Yugoslavia was 100 percent on the side of the Soviet Union. For this reason, Tito was een in Britain and the United States as the most hostile and pro-Soviet of all the Communist dictators in Eastern Europe, and consequently, Just by establishing communism in Yugoslavia, was already causing some problems for Stalin. Stalin wasnt a fan of either because these issues were extremely provoking of Western involvement, something he wished to avoid. More details on the happenings are provided later on in my Evidence section, as I tie their relevance back to my thesis. In the end, Tito and Stalin broke apart because of these issues, and In 1948, the Soviet leadership expelled Yugoslavia from Cominform. 9 Official correspondence between the Soviet Party and Tito declared that the USSR cannot consider such a Communist party organization to be Marxist-Leninist, Bolshevik. 0 This provided the USSR with a rationale to cut off relations with Yugoslavia. However, these accusations had little truth to them. Ideology became an instrument of pressure and attack, a means of bargaining and Jockeying for power in Yugoslav-Soviet relations,11 whereas in actuality, The basis of the critical analysis of the Stalinist system undertaken by Titos ideological specialists, only came about a year or so after Yugoslavias expu lsion from the Cominform in 1948. 12 Thus, it was only after the split that the Yugoslav leaders set on a new path, which rejected the Soviet system and developed a new ind of socialism. 13 Literature Review: The Revisionists and the Traditionalists of the Stalin-Tito Split Though its difficult to place blame solely on either Tito or Stalin for their split, historians generally sway their opinions towards one fgure to be more at fault for the break. One historiographical camp is that Titos desire to expand Yugoslavia was the root cause of the break. Perhaps he wanted to use expansionism as a means to reject Stalins supremacy and further solidify his own dictatorship. This is the claim that historian Jeronim Perovic makes in his article The Tito-Stalin Split: A Reassessment in Light of New Evidence. With new access to the Moscow archives, his work concludes that the documents indicate that the main reason for the conflict was Stalins dismay when Tito continued to pursue an expansionist foreign policy agenda toward Yugoslavias neighbors, especially Albania, against Moscows stern advice. 14 Perovic supports his argument by first setting up a counter argument the idea that the main cause of the Tito and Stalin split was a difference in ideology and then debunking it by examining disproving evidence and emphasizing the important role Titos appetite for expansion had to play in the conflict. Yet, other historians might cite Stalin as the catalyst for the break. This camp might rationalize that it was Stalin who rejected Tito as a ta ctical decision to try and torce Yugoslavia to tully succumb to Soviet rule. Vladimir DediJers biography ot Tito, Tito Speaks, takes this very stance. A former Yugoslav partisan and friend of Tito, DediJer asserts that Stalin premeditated the break to try and weaken Yugoslavia. He writes It is clear today that Stalin prepared these steps with considerable cunning. First, he tried to draw all responsible officials in the economic field, in the Party achine, in the Army, in the IJDB into his service, so that he could then deliver the final blow and turn Yugoslavia into a Rumania, Bulgaria, or some other East European country which had met a fate like that prepared for Yugoslavia. 1 5 Both of these aforementioned camps fall into the traditionalist category of the historiography surrounding the Tito-Stalin split. By placing blame on either Tito or Stalin, the camps focus on a fundamental incompatibility between the two actors, which leads to their breachs inevitability. 16 Traditionalist thought is characterized by seeing the Tito- Stalin split as inevitable. It generally stems from analysis that was done before the Moscow achieves wer e opened (but not always, an example being Perovics article). 7 My analysis, however, falls more into the revisionist category. Revisionist work is typically derived from access to sources that became available only after the opening of the Moscow archives. Also, revisionists do not see the break-up of the Yugoslav- Soviet alliance as inevitable, and point to evidence that demonstrates Titos loyalty to Stalin and surprise at Stalins forsaking of Yugoslavia to support this claim. 8 All these factors are true of my analysis of the Tito-Stalin split. I argue that neither Stalin nor Tito bears more of the blame for their break. I fall into a camp similar to that of historian Volin MaJstorovic. His thesis: When Soviet policy makers became convinced that the American commitment to Western Europe was permanent in the wake of the Marshall Plan, Kremlin decided to Stalinize the nascent communist bloc, and it was this that caused the demise of the Yugoslav-Soviet alliance. 19 1 agree with MaJstorovic, but I emphazise the importance of the massive influx of power the West eceived after World War II rather than the impacts of Stalinization. It is my thinking that Stalin had no choice but to acknowledge the strength of the Western world, and shape his foreign policy appropriately. From this standpoint, it was crucial for Stalin to part from Tito in order to appease the Western powers, since Titos actions were not looked upon positively by the capitalist bloc (this becoming ironic once rift opened, as Tito then used Western aid against Stalin). Evidence There are several factors that fueled Stalins break with Tito, but the most significant of them relate back to Stalins tie to the West. Indeed, it was important that Stalin take heed of Western interests into account into post-World War II Soviet foreign policy. Firstly, since the Soviet Union had sided with the allies during World War II, East-West negotiations were brought about that otherwise might not have been had. As research scholar Darko Bekich explains it, The Nazi invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 constituted an immediate threat to Soviet security and made the Soviet Union a natural ally of Britain and France even before the faithless German attack on Russia. He continues on to say that from then on, fght for nfluence in the Balkans were an issue of much debate between the allies and the USSR 20 Thus, the East-West alliances ot World W r II nad not yet tully deteriorated into cold war, so Stalin felt obliged to engage in negotiations with his fellow allies, including negotiations relating to Yugoslavia. Still, Stalins connection with the West didnt entirely stem from post-World War II alliances; it also was derived from his caution regarding Western power. The Soviet Union was crippled by the war. Having hosted the Eastern Front of the war, the USSR suffered from the loss of up to 24,000,000 people total. It also had pursued a policy of scorched earth during the war, leading to the destruction of 31,000 industrial enterprises, 65,000 kilometers of railroad track, and ultimately $128 billion worth of damage. 21 The Soviet State Planning Chief Nikolai Voznesensky published his thesis The Economy of the USSR during World War II in 1947, and ended it by saying Not a single capitalist country in all its past history or in modern war has sustained such losses and barbaric destruction on the part of aggressor as has our homeland. 22 In contrast, the United States emerged from World War II as the new global hegemon. None of the fghting was committed on US soil, its gross national product had increased by 63 percent during the war, and it was the only country to have successfully developed atomic weapons. 23 After the war the United States also began to reverse its foreign policy from isolationism towards involvement. Backed by its military and economic might, it became the leader of the Capitalist Bloc and developed containment policy to prevent the spread of communism, which meant that the USSR would have to rebuild without the assistance of US aid. The policy of containment inspired what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine, which stated hat the US would use whatever means necessary to keep Turkey and notably Greece from falling under the sway of communism and Soviet control. Stalin recognized that the West, particularly the United States, had this immense power post-World War II, and was ready and willing to wield it to keep Eastern influences to a minimum. He also recognized that the Soviet Union was in no shape to combat this kind of power. Therefore, he was forced to consider the interests of the Western powers to safeguard his own country, and this influenced his decisions in Yugoslavia that ultimately led to his break with Tito. Since Stalin was, for the aforementioned reasons, in favor of appeasing the West, the actions Tito would take post-World War II severely distressed the head of the USSR. One of these actions was Titos involvement in the Greek civil war. He supported Greek Communist Party in the fight by bolstering them with Yugoslav aid. Perovic declares that The survival of the Greek partisans depended substantially on the scale of Yugoslav support, and the withdrawal of this support would have almost guaranteed the communist insurrection to fail. 24 This Yugoslav involvement was unsettling to Stalin, largely because of prior comittments e had made with Britain. In October, 1944, Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill negotiated what would later be called the percentages agreement. Historian Ronald Suny describes the agreement to be an explicit acknowledgement of Soviet hegemony in much of the Balkans, with Britain dominating Greece. 25 The two leaders decided that influence in Yugoslavia would be shared 50-50, the Soviets would have the upper hand in Rumainia with 75 percent influence to Britains 25 percent, and Britain would have control over Greece with 90 percent to the USSRs 10 percent. 6 Though this agreement was never formulated into an official treaty, the Soviets stayed true to this compromise atter the war was over . This is demonstrated by the fact that they did not assist the communist rebels in Greece. Suny specifies this by stating When the British occupied Greece in December 1944 and used military force to quell any pretensions of the Left to power in Greece, the Soviets sat silently by as their supporters were shot down or imprisoned. 27 However, Yugoslavia was still the poster child of Soviet satellite states in 1944. Significant signs of tension etween Stalin and Tito only began to emerge in 1947. 8 This is because the Soviet Unions attempts at diplomacy to halt Yugoslavias involvement in the Greek civil war were failing, and Stalin knew that in time this could cause dangerous international complications, in the words of Perovic. 29 He further describes the predicament by asserting that Soviet leaders sensed that victory for the Greek Communists could be achieved only through direct military intervention, which would risk a confrontation with the Western powers that were already preparing a formal military alliance. Stalin was aware that the West regarded the Greek civil war as an indication of Soviet expansionist plans. 30 So, not only did Stalin choose not to engage the Soviet Union in the Greek skirmish, he prohibited Tito from lending Yugoslav support, all in the name of not provoking the West. Perovic cites the memoirs of Yugoslav representatives to Moscow Edvard Kardell and Milovan Djilas. Both write that at the 10 February meeting [of 1948], Stalin explicitly demanded an end to the Greek rebellion. 31 This clearly shows that Stalin was prioritizing foreign relations with the West over championing fellow communists in Greece. Additionally, Stalin and Tito also disagreed when it came to Yugoslavias unification with Albania and, more broadly, Titos ambitions for a federation of the Balkan countries. 32 Tito had forged an alliance with Albania to funnel aid to the Greek communists, since it too shared a border with Greece. This was not looked upon kindly by Stalin, who already wanted to pull Yugoslavia from the Greek civil war. Furthermore, this display of Yugoslav dominance in Albania was a reflection of Titos desire to merge the state with Yugoslavia. Tito had previously discussed the concept of Yugoslav federation, consisting of Albania and also Bulgaria. However, Tito was no longer as gung-ho about a union with Bulgaria as he had been right after the war,33 and so in the immediate post-war years he switched his focus on swallowing Albania. 34 Titos hopes began to come to fruit with the Yugoslav-Albanian Treaty on Friendship and Mutual Assistance, signed July 1946. 35 Four months later, economic and customs agreements were set in stone. 36 Stalin had taken a stance in opposition to the ratification of the Treaty on Friendship and Mutual Assistance with Albania. At a Yugoslav delegation held in January 1945 Stalin asserted that fthe English understand only the language of violence, and that the treaty should be scraped in order to avoid international complications. 37 Undesirably for Stalin, Tito went ahead and ratified the treaty. In hopes of solving this dispute quietly, in January 1948 Stalin asked Tito to send a Belgrade representative to Moscow for consultations. Representative Djilas arrived on the seventeenth, and immediately Stalin had him brought to the Kremlin. There, he explained to Djilas that he was in favor of a bigger Yugoslav federation in theory. He is remembered to have said We agree with you: you ought to swallow Albania the sooner the better. 38 However, in practice Stalin knew that the Western world would see Yugoslavias incorporation of Albania as Soviet expansionism. So ne continued on to say that a tormal merger ot the two countries should be delayed until an appropriate time and format could be worked out, and should be accomplished voluntarily, not against the will of the Albanians. 39 Tito interpreted these statements as endorsement for further Yugoslav involvement in Albania. With Albanias approval he began preparing to move in two Yugoslav military divisions without consulting Moscow. Stalin was outraged by this, but fortunately the damage had not yet been done. He invited Yugoslav officials to Moscow for yet another diplomatic meeting on 10 February and demanded that Tito refrain from moving his forces into Albania. Wacheslav Molotov, one of Stalins aids, remarked that because Tito had not chosen to consult with Stalin about this deployment of forces, serious differences had arisen between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. At Stalins behest, Molotov read aloud a telegram that had been sent to Belgrade the month prior. It emphasized the importance of the need for the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia to sort out the mess [regarding the incorporating Albania and the Greek civil war] together in case of an Anglo-American intervention. 40 In the end, Tito did not scrap his plans to deploy his divisions to Albania, and it was this blatant rebuff that caused Stalin to formally stop negotiations with Yugoslavia. He withdrew all Soviet military and civilian advisers in 1948. The former role model Soviet satellite was expelled from the Cominform and Titoism became as condemning a term as Trotskyism. Yet, it is important to note that in every altercation Stalin had with Tito regarding Yugoslav influence in Albania, Stalins reasoning for staying out of the country was to avoid an altercation with the West. There is evidence that demonstrates that Stalin would have been in much more favor of Titos actions in Albania and Greece had it not been for his concern of Western opinion. After all, Tito was helping to spread communism through Yugoslav influence, and would possibly start an international cascade of communist revolutions by defending the Greek Communist Party from his own boarders as well as Albanias. Yet, in spite of these advantages to Titos maneuvers, they all demonstrated a spread of Soviet power to the West. Thus, Stalin chose to split with Tito and instead prioritize the foreign relations with the Western bloc. Analysis of Possible Counter Arguments A variety of counter arguments exist that stand in contrast with my assessment that Stalins prioritizing of foreign relations with the West was the main reason he split with Tito. I have mentioned two of them in my literature review. One is the idea that the Stalin-Tito split was more caused by Stalins fear of Yugoslavia gaining too much ower and rivaling the Soviet Union. The other is that Titos interest in expansion was the key cause of the collapse of his relationship with Stalin. Both schools of thought have their merits. I do not argue that their conclusions are untrue, but merely emphasize less important factors that led to the break. Though Stalin may have been uncomfortable with Yugoslavias steadily growing supremacy, there are a few facts that partially undermine the significance of his apprehension regarding its impact on his break with Tito. Indeed, Stalin was willing to compromise with Tito on the xpansionism issue. During his meeting with Djilas and Kardell on 17 January, 1948, he expressed his endorsement of a larger Yugoslavia, but emphasized that a formal merger of the two countries should be delayed until an appropriate time and format could be worked out that would not irk the West. 42 During his second meeting with the Yugoslav representatives on February 10 ne even went so tar as to put torward a plan that would form a federation comprised of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania. He exclaimed This is the federation that should be created, and the sooner the better ight away, if possible tomorrow. 43 However, Stalin stressed the importance of not upsetting the capitalist bloc by further meddling in the Greek civil war via Albania, and instead, as a first step, ordered Yirst a federation between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, and then both with Albania. 44 This demonstrates that Stalin wasnt extremely apprehensive about Yugoslavia expanding, but was more so worried about the Wests reaction to expa nsion into Albania specifically. Albania was an especially tricky issue because of its proximity to the Greek civil war, and American President Truman had already put forth his own doctrine in 1947, stating that the United States would support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. 45 This language refers to the USs promise of economic and military aid to Greece to keep from losing it to the Soviet sphere of influence,46 and Stalin recognized this. Though the West would not favor Yugoslavias merging with Bulgaria, it would not be as hot of an issue as the incorporating of Albania. Thus, it might be a viable alternative that would feed Yugoslavias hunger for xpansion, and not be too upsetting to the Western world. Since Stalin was willing to compromise on the expansion issue with Tito, this demonstrates that he was not so anxious about Yugoslavias increasing influence in the Balkans. Instead, the Soviet leader was more worried about angering the West, and was willing to allow Yugoslavia to gain some power in an attempt to forge a compromise that wouldnt provoke American military action. In addition, Stalins controlling policies towards Yugoslavia were not unique; during this time, the Soviet Union sought to tighten its rip on its entire sphere of influence to placate as well as demonstrate its power to the West. Thus, Stalins inflexible policies towards Yugoslavia were not exceptional, solely directed at weakening the growing Balkan giant. In the words of Perovic, Stalins dismay regarding Tito came at a time when Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe as a whole was hardening. 47 Historian Marshall Shulman sums up this policy shift in his book Stalins Forign Policy Reappriased. He starts off by saying The unsettling factor in the equation was the Soviet perception of the Western societies s inherently and intractably hostile, with the consequent conviction of the inevitability of conflict, and goes on to explain that the USSR chose to compensate for its sense of vulnerability, and consolidate Soviet control over Eastern Europe. 8 Shulman points out the irony in that th ese actions Just stimulated Western military mobilization, which is precisely what Stalin was so carefully trying to avoid. 49 MaJstorovic too writes an analysis of the Tito-Stalin split that is in agreement with Perovics and Shulmans remarks. He states that when the conflict with the West ecame a distinct possibility, Stalin decided to close ranks in the communist movement,50 and actively began to think about Stalinization of Eastern Europe at this time. 51 He defines Stalinization to be replacing the regions communists with individuals whose fortunes crucially depended on Stalin, and whose servility to Moscow was unquestionalable, and goes on to say that This was a logical extension of the Communization process, which climaxed after the Cominforms founding conference, as it assures more effective control of Eastern Europe, during a time Stalin needed his control to prevent a controntation wit ne Wes 52 So, though Yugoslavia was by far the strongest Balkan power, this did not rende r unusually restrictive policies on the part of Stalin. This makes it more difficult to interpret Stalins orders to Tito as solely stemming from his fear of a strong Yugoslavia. Because they were on par with Stalins actions towards the rest of the Soviet bloc, this alludes to the likelihood that Stalin was less concerned with only Yugoslavia and its increasing power, but rather was more concerned with all of the Eastern bloc, and how the West might perceive it on the whole. Its also unlikely that Titos desire to expand was most relevant factor in causing the break. Did Tito want to expand Yugoslavia? Yes. Was he willing to part with Stalin for the sake of expansion? No. This hypothesis can be derived from the knowledge that Tito and his followers were enthusiastic Stalinists pre-spilt. Yugoslavia was the shining example of all the Soviet satellite states for a reason. Under Titos direction, the Yugoslav Communists pursued the construction of socialism more fanatically than did their comrades in the other Eastern European states. 53 They formulated their constitution, ollectivized agriculture policies, economic planning organs, Judicial system, state bureaucracy, health care, educational systems, and even their cultural sphere closely following the Stalinist Soviet model. 4 In turn, when it came time for Yugoslavia to part with the Soviet Union, Tito and his followers were shocked; as former staunch Stalinists, they found it very hard to free themselves from their idol and to accept the new situation. 55 The only reason many of them chose to denounce Stalin post- split was out of fear of being labeled as Cominformist and disappearing off to a Yug oslav concentration camp. 6 This surprise at Stalins transition from idol to enemy indicates that Tito had no preemptive intentions of breaking relations with the Soviet dictator. Though Tito may have wanted to solidify his ictatorship and augment Yugoslavias influence, he did not want nor expect to split otttrom the Soviet Union. On the contrary, ne and his tollowers revered the head ot the Communist bloc up until they were expelled from the Cominform. Moreover, some of the most fundamental sources of friction between Stalin and Tito were from mishaps in communication, and not from reckless expansionist maneuvers. For the most part, Tito was pretty cooperative with Stalin up until February 19, 1948. To further along diplomatic solutions, he had promptly sent high-ranking delegations to Moscow to represent him at Stalins every request. The only reason he didnt come himself was because of health reasons. 61 The game changing event was Stalins order for Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to merge at the February 10 meeting. While Tito had wanted to merge with Bulgaria in part, neither country desired to do so at this point in time. Stalin had hoped that this order would have appeased Yugoslavia, but in actuality it led to Titos first refusal of a direct order from Stalin. 2 Similarly, Tito had misinterpreted Stalins approval of his annexing of Albania so long as it was done voluntarily. 63 It was this misunderstanding that led Tito to deploy his force into Albania without discussing the matter with Stalin first. This event is what called for Stalins first accusations that serious differences exist between [the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia] with regard to questions of foreign policy. 64 It is a lso what ultimately led to the February 10 meeting. These areas of miscommunication, at first glance, can easily be interpreted as evidence of Titos hunger for expansion. However, upon closer inspection, one can see that they are merely misunderstandings in diplomatic rhetoric. From this perspective, Tito wasnt really acting as a power-hungry xpansionist, but was influenced by misconceptions. Plus, even if Stalin had interpreted Titos actions as expansionist desire, he was less concerned about Yugoslavia expanding and more concerned about how this would look to the West. This is evident by his attempt to merge Yugoslavia with Bulgaria, and not with Albania. From this, we learn that Stalin wasnt afraid of a bigger, stronger Yugoslavia; rather, he did not want to trifle with the delicate issue that was the Greek civil war, and take the chance of involving the West. Conclusion Its difficult to know with certainty Stalins motivations regarding his split with Tito. Pinpointing exactly what was the biggest contributing fact to his denouncing of Tito is still one of the most highly contested topics of the Tito-Stalin split, even after the opening of the Moscow archives. Even Djilas, who met Stalin on several occasions for Soviet-Yugoslav negotiations, admits that Not even today am I clear on Stalins motives Perhaps he thought that to create still another Communist state- Greece- in the Balkans, when not even the others were reliable and subservient, could hardly have been in his interest, to say nothing of possible international omplications, which were becoming more and more threatening and even if they did not drag him into war, they might endanger positions he already had won. 65 This being the case, my thesis is somewhat lacking in primary source evidence, as Stalin was not one to dictate his fears, especially when then concerned Western dominance. However, this is not to say that too little evidence exists to make the case that the break was caused by his prioritizing of foreign relations with the West. Other theories that the break was rooted in a specific action done by either Stalin or Tito ave worth ot course, but they tail to tully explain os idolization ot Stalin, and generally dont take into account the communication errors between Tito and Stalin. They are also flawed in that they dont contextualize the split within the bigger picture of East-West interaction. It is for this reason I have chosen to emphasize the importance of Stalins thoughts on the West, and how they informed his decisions regarding Tito. This also explains why I focus mostly on the areas of contention surrounding the Yugoslav relationship with Albania and the involvement in the Greek civil war. Both these sources of disagreement between him and Stalin played key roles leading up to Yugoslavias expulsion from the Cominform, and not coincidentally are intertwined with Soviet-Western relations. To conclude, I speculate that an undertaking of further research into primary source documents would certainly strengthen my argument. Perhaps in time, as the Moscow archives open up more and more, more material will be available to illuminate Stalins thoughts on parting from Tito. Until then, I find that emphasizing his concern about Western strength and opinion is a most reasonable explanation for his decision to break from Tito.

Free Essays on The Compare And Contrast Of Oedipus And Hamlet

The Compare and Contrast of Oedipus and Hamlet Since the beginning of time, a battle between good and evil has always been waged. This idea has been incorporated into many stories throughout the development of literature. Two classic examples of this timeless conflict are Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus. Oedipus and Hamlet, are both exposed to incestuous marriage, and experience madness. In the two plays, Oedipus and Hamlet are unconsciously exposed to incest. After Oedipus unknowingly kills the former king, he enters the City of Thebes after solving the Sphinx’s riddle and freeing the citizens of her morbid tax, the people choose him to be their new king. Along with his kingship, he marries the former kings wife, Jocasta, who tragically, is Oedipus’ true mother. Similarly, Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius who also kill’s the former king, by pouring poison â€Å"in the Porches† of his ears while he lay asleep in the garden (1.5.63). Then marries the queen, Gertrude, being the mother of Hamlet: Hamlet states, â€Å" the funeral baked meats/Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables† (1.2. 180-81). Here, Hamlet is saying that the food that was served at his father’s funeral was still fresh enough to serve at his mother and uncle’s wedding, indicating their wedding was too soon after the death of the king. Although Oedipus and Jocasta’s marriage was incestuous, they did not know that the prophecies were true. Oedipus tells Jocasta, â€Å"He said that I would be my Mother’s lover, show offspring to mankind they could not look at, and be his murderer whose seed I am† (2. 796-799). Claudius and Gertrude were very aware of their incestuous marriage, and Oedipus and Jocasta were not. Both Oedipus and Hamlet experience a kind of madness. Oedipus, after realizing he killed the former king and married his mother, went crazy: Wildly he ran to each of us, asking for his spear and for his wife: no wife where ... Free Essays on The Compare And Contrast Of Oedipus And Hamlet Free Essays on The Compare And Contrast Of Oedipus And Hamlet The Compare and Contrast of Oedipus and Hamlet Since the beginning of time, a battle between good and evil has always been waged. This idea has been incorporated into many stories throughout the development of literature. Two classic examples of this timeless conflict are Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus. Oedipus and Hamlet, are both exposed to incestuous marriage, and experience madness. In the two plays, Oedipus and Hamlet are unconsciously exposed to incest. After Oedipus unknowingly kills the former king, he enters the City of Thebes after solving the Sphinx’s riddle and freeing the citizens of her morbid tax, the people choose him to be their new king. Along with his kingship, he marries the former kings wife, Jocasta, who tragically, is Oedipus’ true mother. Similarly, Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius who also kill’s the former king, by pouring poison â€Å"in the Porches† of his ears while he lay asleep in the garden (1.5.63). Then marries the queen, Gertrude, being the mother of Hamlet: Hamlet states, â€Å" the funeral baked meats/Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables† (1.2. 180-81). Here, Hamlet is saying that the food that was served at his father’s funeral was still fresh enough to serve at his mother and uncle’s wedding, indicating their wedding was too soon after the death of the king. Although Oedipus and Jocasta’s marriage was incestuous, they did not know that the prophecies were true. Oedipus tells Jocasta, â€Å"He said that I would be my Mother’s lover, show offspring to mankind they could not look at, and be his murderer whose seed I am† (2. 796-799). Claudius and Gertrude were very aware of their incestuous marriage, and Oedipus and Jocasta were not. Both Oedipus and Hamlet experience a kind of madness. Oedipus, after realizing he killed the former king and married his mother, went crazy: Wildly he ran to each of us, asking for his spear and for his wife: no wife where ...

Problem Solution Global Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Problem Solution Global Communications - Essay Example Global communications is one of the many aching companies within the telecommunications industry. Too much competition within the industry has lowered GC stock values by more than 50%. GC's senior leader team has developed a new strategic globalization plan to realize growth and profitability. The plan would introduce new services, making new alliances and implying cost cutting measures. Cutting cost would include laying off huge numbers of employees and hiring others from India and Ireland. The Technologies workers union has tried to work with GC to face its financial problems. They reduced 20% of employee's education and health benefits. They expected GC to keep all of its employees and try to improve things for them in the future. CG never involved the union towards formulating its new strategic plan. The union was shocked that they were never involved in suggesting alternatives. Laying off huge numbers of employees and using thousands of foreign employees will set a precedent for the whole industry. The union president decided to utilize all of its resources to stop GC's plan and help huge numbers of employees save their jobs. World wide competition within the telecommunication industry has lead to diminished returns. GC is under tremendous economic pressure as its stock has depreciated more than 50% in the last three years. The senior leader team of CG ... World wide competition within the telecommunication industry has lead to diminished returns. GC is under tremendous economic pressure as its stock has depreciated more than 50% in the last three years. The senior leader team of CG has put together a strategic plan to save the company and become a global corporation. They decided to cut costs by outsourcing small business technical centers to low cost more technical sophisticated centers in India and Ireland. They also decided to compete in local markets and step up towards globalization. The downside of their plan was the huge number of employees that would be laid off or relocated with salary cuts. They decided to soften the blow of their plan by explaining to the employees and the unions the challenges they face. They decided to bring career counselors to help laid off employees with their future jobs. They also decided to create a new set of values to reflect today's realities. They aimed at communicating their new plan in a way that would address the union and employees concerns. The workers union reduced 20% of employee's education and health benefits . The union accepted to give up these major benefits to enable GC to cope with its financial difficulties and survive in its competitive environment. The union hoped that by giving up such benefits, CG would retain its current body of employees and would make things better in the future. The union considers GC's new plan unethical as it manipulate around current contract conditions. GC excluded inputs from the union and employees while formulating its new plan. They gave all reasons for the union to reject their plan. The union president declared that he opposes CG's new strategic plan. He threatened to do all

GROUPS PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, FUNCTION, AND ETHICS Research Paper

GROUPS PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, FUNCTION, AND ETHICS - Research Paper Example Most importantly, the identity, function, and ethical requirements in group work as a professional and Christian counselor will be given emphasis including Biblical value reviews in ministering small groups which explores God’s truth and how client needs can be met by participating in an intimate group setting. Keywords: group counseling, counseling, group therapy, Christian counselor Introduction Professional group counseling covers multi-faceted perspectives in the psyche life of different types of people. This is considered part of psychology â€Å"in action†. Although group counseling has the guidelines and parameters to follow as provided by a number of books on Group Counseling authored by experts on the fields like G. Corey , S. Venkates, Jacobs, et.al, Corey and Callahan, the code of ethics from the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC), among others, that can guide group counselors or facilitators in t heir conduct of their group counseling, this field of group counseling, is still faced with a number of challenges and issues like multicultural diversity, ethical issues covering confidentiality and dual practice (group and individual counseling) , ACA vs AACC code of ethics, Christian vs secular counseling, etc. These challenges and issues must be addressed accordingly for the practice to proceed and develop in the way it should be. Perhaps, this overview of professional group counseling would provide some enlightenment on gray areas understudy. Thesis Statement This paper seeks to bring herein some evidence or facts regarding selected issues about group counseling like the misinformation and interchanging use of such concepts as guidance, counseling and therapy; the issue on having a secular and a Christian group counselor, â€Å"dual relationship† counseling practice, and how to select a group leader or counselor. These are some areas that this paper will present in the h ope that further enlightenment can be achieved or better conclusions can be derived for future academic research undertakings. An Overview of Group Professional Counseling Early Beginnings Joseph Pratt (1905, applied first formal therapeutic group experience), Alfred Adler (1922, pro-runner of group counseling), and Jacob Moreno (1922, pioneer for group and psycho therapy), Trigant Burrow (1935, psychoanalytic group analysis) and Kurt Lewin (1940, founder of theory based on Gestalt principle) were noted to be the first to use group counseling† (Berg, et.al, 2002). During this stage of counseling field development, clients were seeking social interaction which was often found within groups. Several early counseling groups that you even see today developed through time. Jacobs et.al described these groups based on their own group categories by functionality, as follows: â€Å"a)Education group – provides clients with various information; b) Discussion group– focus es on issues or topics and not on the members personal concern; c)Task group- that which needs to accomplish a task or task-oriented activity ; d) Growth and Experiential group is a group wherein a member wants to be in a group and is motivated to learn more about themselves in a group like T-groups; e) Counseling and Therapy group differs from the growth groups because members come to the group for certain problems; f) Support group- enables members to learn other people’

Postmodern Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Postmodern Philosophy Essay Postmodern philosophy is a means through which people’s ways of reasoning are evaluated and analyzed. It seeks to explain why everyone has a different opinion towards things that they come across or face in life. A current post modern belief is that a correct description of reality is impossible and in order to enable others to understand the way you perceive or prefer certain things, you need to interpret them. Post modern philosophy can be reflected in the way we live our lives and at our places of work. An example in my own life is the way I would convince people about how something is good so that even if they are not interested, eventually they would give in and in the end I w will be happy. And according to (Weis, 2003 P. 161) this is Persuasion through self interest which is created by developing a trust since I have the best interests of the other person at heart. I may tell a friend that we should take a certain class during that semester because I know he/she is focused and would make a good study partner even though that class does not really interest him/her. This does not mean I do not want him/her to focus on what interests them I know we will be helping each other out and maybe next time they will be the ones convincing me. In an organization, it can be seen when a company wants to become a better competitor as said by (Kotter,1996) that in order to be successful now and in the future, we need to empower others to act and create wins while consolidating gains. In order to promote team work at the office, a company may decide that in its’ engagement in social corporate responsibilities it will take it’s staff to work at the remote parts of the country where the is a school for the orphans and they will have to forego things like internet, family time and nice joints to hung out. In such a situation, the workmates will have to work together to help the children, listen to different opinions all this to enhance their bonding which is vital in their work ; This is what (Ritti Levy, 2002) call creating positive outcomes through negative reinforcement. References Kotter J. P. (1996). Leading Change. Published by Harvard Business Press Ritti R. R. Levy. S. (2002)The Ropes to Skip and the Ropes to Know: Studies in Organizational Behavior. Published by Wiley Weiss. A. (2003) Organizational Consulting: How to be an Effective Internal Change Agent. John Wiley and Sons

Free Measure for Measure Essays: Mercy vs. Justice :: Measure for Measure

Mercy vs. Justice in Measure for Measure Theme: Mercy vs. Justice. Allusion to justice = eye for eye, tooth for tooth [measure for measure]; allusion to mercy = let him without sin cast the first stone [esp. sexual sin]. Summary: Duke wants to restore the strictness of fornication/adultery laws. He sets up Angelo to do it, while he feigns that he will be away. Instead he remains to check up on Angelo and the town (Vienna). Angelo goes ahead and closes down Overdone's brothel and the others, and puts Claudio in jail, condemned to die the morrow, for impregnating Juliet. Isabella, Claudio's sister and about to enter a nunnery, pleads for Angelo's mercy on him. Lucio counsels her to be warm to him, and she is just warm enough to inspire Angelo to seduce her: seduction in exchange for Claudio. The Duke, posing as a Friar, overhears her exchange with Claudio in which he counsels her to go through with the act. He enters and sets up a plan: Angelo ought to have married Mariana but didn't: Mariana therefore will go in Isabella's place. Angelo, after the deed, calls even more quickly for Claudio's head. The Duke (as Friar) puts this off: now Angelo is two steps behind (not knowing about either Mariana or Claudio). The Duke returns, as Duke, and asks for anyone against Angelo to speak. Isabella does: finally it comes out that the Friar was behind Isabella's suit. The Friar is called for, and so the Duke disappears and comes back as the Friar, but is revealed to be the Duke. The switch is revealed and Angelo must marry Mariana; Claudio is revealed as alive and is pardoned by the Duke. Lucio (a subplot) also gets his deserts. Morality: mercy wins over justice, and yet there is a strong sense of justice having been done. Symbolically accomplished by the Duke (justice) taking on the habit of "a true friar" (mercy but with sense of justice) starting with I.iii.48. II.i.17 ff, Angelo on justice without mercy: "'Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus,/Another thing to fall. I not deny,/The jury, passing on the prisoner's life,/May in the sworn twelve have a thief or two/Guiltier than him they try. What's open made to justice,/That justice seizes: what know the laws/That thieves do pass on thieves?"--this is unmitigated justice, just as II.i.30-31: "Let mine own judgement pattern out my death, [which Angelo is willing to accept once caught, in V.

Business Model for Grandmas Treats Essay

There are many ways through which a business can go online. This paper examines a few of the online business models and helps find out which among these business models best suits â€Å"Grandmas Treats†. Site types While there are many different types of online business models, there are three most common ones viz. auction, portal and storefront. â€Å"Auction models are those in which the participants bid for products or services over the internet. The auction sites sometimes do not own the products on its site, but facilitates the process of listing and displaying goods as an affiliate† (Kinsler, 2009) Commissions are the main source of revenue in the auction business model. Advertising also forms a small portion of the revenue. In a portal business model, the so called portal website is like a gateway to the customers to various online stores. It provides personalized information to the users. A major portion of revenue in such a model is usually from personalized advertising. â€Å"The store front business model is a shopping location that customers can browse and shop from the comfort of their homes, and where businesses can advertise their products and services for a fraction of the cost of brick and mortar businesses† (Kinsler, 2009) The store front shop can reach its customer either directly or through the portals such as Yahoo or Google. The store front business model is best suited for individual businesses which provide a unique product offering. Companies that use these business models Portal business model – Yahoo According to Deitel and Deitel: Sites such as yahoo. com provide users with a shopping page that links them to thousands of sites carrying a variety of products†¦ Yahoo! provides consumer with shopping-cart capabilities†¦ To improve the quality of its web searching capabilities, Yahoo! as partnered with Google. com search engine†¦ Yahoo! is made more attractive for the user†¦ As this model needs the user to register, the web page that opens after registration is a personalized one based on the information provided by the users. (Deitel and Deitel, 2000) Thus Yahoo’s portal model is convenient for customers who need to shop a variety of similar or dissimilar produc ts. Say when a consumer is done shopping and is ready to check out, he can purchase all their items through the single portal (Yahoo! ) rather than purchasing at each store. This simplifies the purchasing process and provides convenience to the customer. Auction business model – eBay Another type of business model is the auction model. Such websites act as forums through which internet users can be either a seller or bidder. Online auction off late has become a very popular and successful method of e-commerce. The leading company in this business is e-bay. It is one of the most profitable businesses. On eBay people are able to buy and sell almost everything. eBay has spawned a number of businesses that use the site as their means of selling products. The main advantage that e-bay offers is that there are no overhead or upfront costs. The seller can sell his product without incurring any high costs as he does not need sales staff or distributors. There is also no need of any initial investment and most importantly the seller gets access to millions of online auctions from buying customers. And hence it has become a forum where there are no geographical constraints. Bidders and sellers from all over the world can come together and moreover there is no need to ship the products to a central location which reduces the costs and the seller’s minimum acceptable price. Many businesses would prefer eBay as they can avoid losses on sale of items by setting the minimum bid price high enough to cover their cost. Advantages Yahoo which uses the portal business model has a lot advantages over its competitors. Many of the websites are viewed by the users mainly through the portals (through yahoo search, yahoo shopping etc†¦) thus Yahoo can leverage this to generate revenues. Similarly eBay offers many of the businesses a platform to showcase their products in its site. Thus it could generate revenues by charging those businesses which benefit by utilizing the eBay auction system. Business model for â€Å"Grandmas Treats† â€Å"Grandmas Treats† has a specialty product i. e. low sugar bakery products which it needs to make available to its customers through the World Wide Web. Since Grandmas Treats has a unique product which it needs to take to its customers, it would be appropriate for it to make use of the storefront business model. It could also make use of the internet portals such as Yahoo or Google to direct more customers to its website. Would dynamic pricing apply for â€Å"Grandmas Treats†? Grandmas Treats’ core product is low sugar baked products. The target customers for Grandmas Treats would be those who are calorie conscious and those who are with specific ailments such as diabetes. These customers usually prefer a low sugar food product as compared to the normal food products. Hence Grandmas Treats could expect to have more or less constant demand for its product in the market. Therefore â€Å"Grandmas Treats† need not have to use dynamic pricing.

Waste Management - 1349 Words

Waste Management is a publically traded Houston, Texas based waste and environmental services company. Founded in 1894, Waste Management is the largest disposal company in North America, handling over half of the garbage pickup in the United States. In 1998, Waste Management was involved in the largest accounting scandal involving an American company to date. Under the company’s founder and chairman Dean Buntrock, Waste Management implemented unsavory accounting practices which directly inflated the company’s net income by $1.7 billion in 1998. Though the accounting fraud was multifaceted, the firm’s method of depreciating property, plant, and equipment was perhaps the most deceptive. The company used the straight line method of†¦show more content†¦Additionally, Waste Management failed to record a variety of other expense; most notably, the company did not record depletion expense on their landfills as they were filled. Again by not recording this Depletion Expense, Waste Management understated its expense and overstated its net revenue. As a result of these questionable accounting practices, Waste Management’s stock price dropped significantly in November 1998. Soon after, the company faced a shareholder class- action lawsuit which they settled for $457 million. The Securities and Exchange Commission began an investigation which resulted in a lawsuit against six of Waste Management’s most senior executives including Dean Buntrock in U.S. District Court in Chicago. Burtrock and other senior leaders were found guilty of intentionally and knowingly using fraudulent accounting practices to mislead investors. Buntrock and the other executives cumulatively agreed to pay $17.1 million for misleading investors. The SEC also fined Waste Management’s doomed ‘independent† auditor Arthur Anderson $7 million. Following the lawsuits and investigations, Waste Management restructured its company and hired all new leadership and a new auditor. Today, this accounting scandal is largely a forgotten mem ory and Waste Management continues to be one of the most important and largest environmental services companies in the world. The Waste Management accounting scandal is aShow MoreRelatedThe Waste Of Waste Management946 Words   |  4 Pagesa work of art, but realized that the landfill imposes a lot of danger to us and our environment. Methods such as burying, burning, and using trash as energy supply has been tested to reduce the amount of trash in landfills. Companies such as Waste Management Inc. (largest trash company) was responsible for dealing with trash and landfills, but failed to emphasize recycling and reusable materials, which increased our landfills. 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